Ayrshire Sample Questions

1 Does ease of calving depend more on size or age?
	Size (AIM 1/03)
2 According to the official PDCA Uniform Showing and Fitting Scorecard, how many points are given in a showmanship contest for posing?
	15 points (PDCA 03)
3 T/F The normal birth position for a calf is front feet and head first.
	True (HD 02)
4 What is the largest component of milk?
	Water (HD 02)
5 Are mastitis cases higher or lower with healthy teat ends?
	Lower (HD 02)
6 How many pairs of ribs do cows have?
	13 pairs (HD 02)
7 When it comes to teat injuries which are more dangerous: long stalls or short stalls?
	Short stalls (HD 3/01 p. 182)
8 Of the following grains, which has the fastest rate of degradation in the rumen: wheat, corn, or sorghum?
	Wheat (HD 02)
9 What season is the ideal time to collect soil samples?
	Fall (HD 9/02 p.588)
10 Who is the president of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association?
	Raymond Jarrett (AD 03)
11 What is the single best indicator for heat detection?
	Standing heat (HD 02)
12 What is the name of the official publication of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association?
	Ayrshire Digest (AD 03)
13 If a feed contains 70% moisture, what is its percent dry matter?
	30% (HD 02)
14 What is the average weight of a mature Ayrshire cow?
	1,200 pounds (WEB)
15 Which breed of dairy cattle has the lowest percentage of inbreeding?
	Holstein (HDQ 2/02)
16 What common pest serves as the primary vector of pink eye?
	Flies, Face flies, or Musca Autumnalis (HD 00)
17 Milk fever is caused by a low blood level of what mineral?
	Calcium (HD 02)
18 Studies show that kids like milk best when it is served cold. What Fahrenheit temperature is best to serve milk?
	33 to 40 degrees F (HD 02)
19 What part of the cow’s back lies between the withers and the middle of the back?
	Chine (HD 03)
20 Which of the following is not a recommended procedure for making silage in a trench or bunker silo: fill fast, pack hard, fill slow, or cover?
	Fill slow (FF 02)
21 Which side of the cow's head should you be leading from during a show?
	Left side (HD 02)
22 When clipping a cow, do you generally clip in the direction the hair lays or in the opposite direction?
	Opposite direction (SF 02)
23 Which has the least annual expense for drying cows udders prior to milking: paper towels or cloth towels?
	Cloth towels (HD 02)
24 Assume you want to put up the best quality forage possible, but there is rain in the forecast. If you decide to cut, your risk of sacrificing quality is lower if the forage is: baled, ensiled, or tedded?
	Ensiled (HD 02)
25 What is the most costly disease affecting the dairy industry?
	Mastitis (DHM 02)
26 For the best and fastest rumen development in calves should a diet of milk and hay, or a diet of milk and grain be fed?
	Milk and grain (HD 02)
27 Which stomach compartment is also known as the manyplies because it is filled with many leaves that resemble pages in a book?
	Omasum (NUT 02)
28 Milk is what percent water?
	87% (HD 02)
29 Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced?
	400 to 500 gallons (HD 02)
30 Ice cream is celebrated nationally during what month?
	July (VT 2/02)
31 Grass tetany is a disease linked to the shortage of what element normally found in soil and plants?
	Magnesium (HD 00)
32 At what age does national Ayrshire Junior membership expire?
	21 years old (WEB)
33 Feed costs account for what percent of the total cost to produce milk?
	35 to 50 percent (HD 02)
34 Each tanker load of milk must be tested for and free of antibiotic residues before it is permitted to be unloaded at the processing plant. What is the most common reason that milk from dairy farms is contaminated with antibiotic residues?
	Accidental human error (HD 02)
35 In regards to production testing, what do the initials DHIA stand for?
	Dairy Herd Improvement Association (HD 02)
36 How do cows effectively lose body heat during hot weather?
	Sweating or panting (HD 02)
37 Which type of parlor enables each milker to stand in one place while the cows come to them?
	Rotary/carrousel (HD 02)
38 The point of balance, at what part on the cow, determines the direction an animal will move when you approach her.
	Shoulders (DHM 9/01 p.35)
39 Are fine-textured clay soils or coarse-textured sandy soils more prone to compaction?
	Fine-textured soils (HD 5/03)
40 T/F The gene for polledness in dairy cattle is recessive.
	False (SS 03)
41 Can a calf become infected with Johne's before birth?
	Yes - in the uterus (DHM 4/01 p.46)
42 What process turns cream into butter?
	Churning (HD 02)
43 Feeding a high-producing milk cow ration to your heifers, instead of a specially formulated heifer ration, will usually produce heifers that are: fat, muscular, or produce a lot of milk?
	Fat (HD 02)
44 The release of which hormone causes the uterus to contract more forcefully and initiates the expulsion of the fetus?
	Oxytocin (HD 02)
45 In the reproductive tract of a cow, how many uterine horns are there?
	Two (HD 02)
46 In which breed of cows is the incidence of milk fever most common?
	Jersey (HD 02)
47 In a feeding program, what do the initials TMR stand for?
	Total Mixed Ration (HD 02)
48 What name is given to the symbol licensed by the American Dairy Association which is a trademark that distinguishes authentic dairy foods from imitations?
	REAL Seal (HD 02)
49 Which stomach compartment is known as the "honeycomb" because the inside surface has a honeycomb texture?
	Reticulum (NUT 02)
50 Mycotoxins can cause major cow health problems. What produces most mycotoxins?
	Molds (HD 02)
51 NAAB uses the percent DBH to report calving ease information. What do the initials DBH stand for?
	Difficult Births in Heifers (SS 02)
52 What is the recommended length for a cow's dry period?
	45 to 65 days (HD 02)
53 What is the major ligament of the udder which divides it into left and right halves?
	Median suspensory ligament (HD 02)
54 According to state Labor Laws, what is the minimum age to perform any job declared hazardous?
	16 (DHM 02)
55 What is the biggest danger in over-milking?
	Damage to teat end (HD 02)
56 Numerous chemicals are used on modern dairy farms. For what purpose is a herbicide used?
	Weed control (HD 02)
57 If the thurl of a cow corresponds to the hip of a human, what part of the cow corresponds with the ankle?
	Hock (ANAT 02)
58 The esophageal groove functions for how many weeks in milk fed calves?
	12 weeks (10-14 weeks) (ANAT 02)
59 If a cow develops a gastric ulcer, where is it most likely to be located?
	Abomasum (ANAT 02)
60 The National Electrical Code requires that equipment grounding wire on farms always be made of what material?
	Copper (HD 02)
61 What is the genetic material found in all living organisms called?
	DNA (genes, chromosomes) (HD 02)
62 Name the pathogen associated most frequently with foodborne disease.
	Salmonella (HD 02)
63 What country exports the equivalent of 90 percent of its milk production?
	New Zealand (HD 02)
64 Who is the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture?
	Ann Veneman (NEWS 02)
65 What soil pH range is best to raise good alfalfa?
	6.8 to 7.0 (HD 02)
66 How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
	23 pairs (UG 02)
67 Name the disorder that causes cows to breathe rapidly, stagger, and experience muscle trembling while having a magnesium deficiency.
	Grass Tetany (HD 02)
68 What Ayrshire was named the 2002 Junior All-American Five Year Old cow?
	FAMILY AF-AYR DK DESIREE (WEB 03)
69 If a cow has an interdigital foot infection, where is it located?
	Between the toes (DHM 02)
70 What is the primary key to effective fly control?
	Sanitation (HD 02)
72 In the right composting environment, decomposition of a mature dairy cow carcass will take approximately how many months?
	6 to 8 months (DHM 6/02 p.12)
73 To what part of the mammary system do the following parts belong: orfice, streak canal, cistern?
	Teat (ANAT 02)
74 Is the saliva of a dairy cow alkaline or acidic?
	Alkaline (ANAT 02)
75 How long is the average life span of a magnet in the reticulum of a cow?
	4 to 5 years (HD 1/03 p.38)
76 Food specialists recommend cooking beef at what Fahrenheit temperature?
	160 degrees F (HD 9/02 p. 592)
77 According to "Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming," when trimming hooves you should start with which claw of the rear foot?
	Inner (HD 02)
78 Regardless of seeding date or seeding method, seeds should not be seeded deeper than how many times their diameter?
	Five (HD 02)
79 What is the name of the single cell that is formed after an oocyte or egg is fertilized by sperm?
	Zygote (HD 02)
80 What is metritis?
	Uterine infection or inflammation (HD 02)
81 What structures carry the blood from the body back to the heart?
	Veins (NUT 02)
82 Who was the 2002 Outstanding Ayrshire Youth winner?
	Susan Richardson (ABA 02)
83 Milk pipelines are cleaned by re-circulation. This type of cleaning is referred to in the dairy industry as CIP. What do the initials CIP represent?
	Cleaned in Place (HD 02)
84 Who is the current president of the National Dairy Herd Improvement Association.
	Susan Lee (HW 5/03 p.8)
85 Milk is produced by cells grouped as hollow spheres called what?
	Alveoli (HD 02)
86 Cream is a good source of which fat soluble vitamin?
	Vitamin A (HD 02)
87 Which reproductive condition is a result of the fetal membranes remaining within the uterus for an extended period of time after calving?
	Retained Placenta or retained fetal membranes (HD 02)
88 Which basic nutrient group provides the cow's major source of energy?
	Carbohydrates (NUT 02)
89 Which B vitamin is often recommended as a feed additive to minimize the occurrence of fatty liver and Ketosis in fresh cows?
	Niacin (HD 02)
90 What is the most effective method of distinguishing between luteal and follicular cysts?
	Ultrasound (HD 02)
91 What is the fat content of buttermilk?
	Zero (HD 02)
92 Name the two most common methods used to shorten udder hair.
	Clipping and singeing (HD 02)
93 In a cow's diet, fat sources that have little or no effect on feed digestibility are classified as rumen: active, inert, inhibiting, or insufficient?
	Rumen-inert (HD 02)
94 What toxin is a common problem, usually associated with feeding large amounts of cottonseed?
	Gossypol (HD 02)
95 Is daily energy balance: negative, neutral, or positive in all dairy cows after calving?
	Negative (HD 02)
96 Recent research has found what type of sodium: bicarbonate, chloride, or propionate to be the most effective treatment for metabolic acidosis?
	Sodium Propionate (HD 02)
97 What simple household ingredient can help with urea poisoning? It changes the rumen environment and neutralizes the urea.
	Vinegar (HD 2/01)
98 What part of the corn plant has the highest nitrate level?
	Bottom of the stalk (HD 02)
99 What nutrient is broken down into ammonia by rumen microbes?
	Protein (DHM 02)
100 On what university campus would you find a statue of W. D. Hoard?
	University of Wisconsin (HDQ 12/02)
101 What element is used to keep bull semen frozen?
	Liquid nitrogen (HD 02)
102 USDA's NAGP is building a national repository for dairy cattle genetics resources. What does NAGP stand for?
	National Animal Germplasm Program (AD 11/02)
103 Where in the cow's reproductive tract does the sperm meet the egg?
	Oviduct (HD 02)
104 What type of blood cells help cows fight diseases or infections?
	White blood cells (DHM 02)
105 Which gland, located at the base of the brain, secretes FSH?
	Pituitary gland (HD 02)
106 Neosporosis can reduce milk production an average of how many pounds per day?
	2.5 to 3 pounds (DHM 10/02 p.38)