Holstein Foundation
2006 Practice Questions

1. Which breed produces milk with the lowest average percent butterfat?
   
   Holstein (PDCA 04)
   
   
2. What term is used to describe animals who give birth to live young and suckle their offspring after birth?
   
   Mammals (HD 04)
   
   
3. What is the standard interval to which lactation records for dairy cows are adjusted?
   
   305 days (ADSA 04)
   
   
4. True or False: Holstein Association USA made a profit in 2004.
   
   True (HP 05)
   
   
5. Whenever possible it is recommended to milk first lactation cows when?
   
   First (WFAM 05)
   
   
6. Where will the 2006 national FFA convention be held?
   
   Indianapolis, IN (HD 04)
   
   
7. Which type of parlor enables each milker to stand in one place while the cows come to them?
   
   Rotary/carrousel (HD 04)
   
   
8. What is the new official state beverage in Kentucky?
   
   Milk (HD 3/05)
   
   
9. Lice is most troublesome during what two seasons?
   
   Spring and winter (VT 04)
   
   
10. Where is the streak canal located on a cow?
    
    Her teat (HD 04)
    
    
11. True or False: The number of U.S. cheese plants outnumbers fluid milk plants?
    
    True (HD 5/04)
    
    
12. As a person's age increases, does milk consumption tend to increase or decrease?
    
    Decrease (VT 04)
    
    
13. What part of the alfalfa plant has the highest percent digestibility?
    
    Leaves (HD 04)
    
    
14. How much water does an average dairy cow consume per day?
    
    30 to 50 gallons (HD 04)
    
    
15. How do cows effectively lose body heat during hot weather?
    
    Sweating or panting (HD 04)
    
    
16. What nutrient in milk may help reduce the incidence of osteoporosis?
    
    Calcium (HD 04)
    
    
17. A gallon of milk weighs how many pounds?
    
    8.6 pounds (VT 04)
    
    
18. What part of the corn plant has the highest nitrate level?
    
    Bottom of the stalk (HD 04)
    
    
19. What is the procedure by which a cow is compared to the ideal for her breed?
    
    Classification (HA 04)
    
    
20. What city and state will the Premier National Junior Holstein Show be held in?
    
    Harrisburg, PA (HA 05)
    
    
21. What is the common name for calf diarrhea?
    
    Scours (HD 04)
    
    
22. Animal height measurements are generally measured from the ground to what body part?
    
    Withers (HD 04)
    
    
23. How many permanent teeth does a mature dairy cow have?
    
    32 teeth (ANAT 04)
    
    
24. When you mate two purebred animals of different breeds, what is it called?
    
    Crossbreeding (UG 04)
    
    
25. What body part lies between the withers and the middle of the back?
    
    Chine (HD 04)
    
    
26. According to the PDCA uniform scorecard for showmanship contests, how many points does exhibitor appearance account for?
    
    10 points (PDCA 04)
    
    
27. Historically, during what season is the demand for milk highest?
    
    Fall (HD 04)
    
    
28. Chromosomes are found in what part of the cell?
    
    Nucleus (HD 04)
    
    
29. When clipping a cow, do you generally clip in the direction the hair lays or in the opposite direction?
    
    Opposite direction (SF 04)
    
    
30. On what day must a heifer be born to be the oldest possible animal in the spring yearling heifer class?
    
    March 1 (HA 05)
    
    
31. True or False: Lice can cause anemia in a heifer by sucking out the blood.
    
    True (Merck 04)
    
    
32. How many chambers are found in the heart of a cow?
    
    4 chambers (ANAT 04)
    
    
33. True or False: All genes are found in pairs.
    
    True (HD 04)
    
    
34. What term is used to describe an infertile heifer born twin to a bull?
    
    Freemartin (UG 04)
    
    
35. What is the best sign of a cow's fertile period?
    
    Standing heat - permits other animals to mount her (AIM 1/03)
    
    
36. Information about which side of the family is shown on the bottom half of the pedigree?
    
    Maternal side (dam or mother) (PQA 04)
    
    
37. What is the most important nutrient, in pounds consumed, in a dairy cow's ration?
    
    Water (HD 04)
    
    
38. Which vitamin is essential for normal calcium/phosphorus metabolism?
    
    Vitamin D (HD 04)
    
    
39. Holstein and Brown Swiss heifers from birth to 24 months of age should have average daily gains of how many pounds: 1.3, 1.7, 2.2, or 2.6?
    
    1.7 pounds (HD 04)
    
    
40. 40 What term describes the thin cylinder in which frozen semen is preserved?
    
    Straw (VT 04)
    
    
41. How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of cheese?
    
    10 pounds (ADA 04)
    
    
42. Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced?
    
    400 to 500 gallons (HD 04)
    
    
43. Milk is packaged in various sizes. What is the most popular size?
    
    Gallon (HD 04)
    
    
44. Percent carbohydrate reserves in alfalfa roots are greatest during which stage of plant growth?
    
    Full bloom (HD 04)
    
    
45. Milk is produced by groups of what special secretory cells?
    
    Alveoli (DHM 04)
    
    
46. How many pounds of water does a cow need to consume to produce one pound of milk?
    
    4 - 6 pounds (DHM 04)
    
    
47. In a feeding program, what do the initials TMR stand for?
    
    Total Mixed Ration (HD 04)
    
    
48. What part of a cow's stomach is most similar to a human's stomach?
    
    Abomasum (HD 04)
    
    
49. What dairy cattle disease is characterized by runny, cloudy eyes?
    
    Pink eye (HD 04)
    
    
50. How many daughters with herdmates must a Holstein bull have to receive an official PTAT?
    
    10 daughters (SS 04)
    
    
51. In which year did Holstein Association USA start its classification program?
    
    1929 (POB 04)
    
    
52. When evaluating sires, what do the initials TPI stand for?
    
    Type Production Index (SS 04)
    
    
53. Prevention of foot problems, like laminitis, is linked to what, especially at calving time?
    
    Good nutrition or cow comfort (DHM 04)
    
    
54. What is the average duration a cow in heat will stand to be mounted?
    
    4 to 6 seconds (HD 04)
    
    
55. Of the seventeen Holstein linear classification descriptive traits evaluated, how many of them are primary traits?
    
    Sixteen (LC 05)
    
    
56. True or False: Environmental differences have a greater effect on milk production than do genetics.
    
    True (HD 04)
    
    
57. Which disease stopped the importation of cattle from Europe in 1905?
    
    Hoof and mouth disease (POB 04)
    
    
58. Name the term used to describe when the teats of a cow point out too much.
    
    Strutting (VT 04)
    
    
59. What term is used to describe excessive fluid accumulation in the mammary gland?
    
    Edema (Merck 04)
    
    
60. What accounts for the greatest percent of milk production costs on most dairy farms?
    
    Feed (HD 04)
    
    
61. In dry weather, why is alfalfa able to delay drought damage?
    
    Deep root system (HD 04)
    
    
62. Your veterinarian took a sample of milk and tested it using the Delvo test or the Penzyme test. For what was your veterinarian checking?
    
    Antibiotics residues (HD 04)
    
    
63. The optimum pH for growing alfalfa is higher than for most other crops. How can soil pH be raised if it is too low?
    
    Liming (HD 04)
    
    
64. True or False: Humans can contract ringworm from infected cattle.
    
    True (Merck 04)
    
    
65. Distillers's grain is added to a cow's ration as a source of what?
    
    Protein (HDQ 4/04)
    
    
66. If a cow has an interdigital foot infection, where is it located?
    
    Between the toes (DHM 04)
    
    
67. A hundred weight (cwt) weighs how many pounds?
    
    100 pounds (VT 04)
    
    
68. What is the name of the muscular tissue that closes when a calf begins a sucking action?
    
    Esophageal groove or reticular groove (NUT 04)
    
    
69. What is the name of the instrument used to give a cow a pill?
    
    Balling gun (VT 04)
    
    
70. According to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card, how many points are assigned to Body Capacity?
    
    10 points (HD 04)
    
    
71. What is the name for the short period of sexual receptivity of open cows and heifers normally occurring every 18 to 24 days?
    
    Heat or estrus (AIM 1/03)
    
    
72. What is the name of the organ within which a fetus or unborn calf develops?
    
    Uterus (ANAT 04)
    
    
73. Which stomach compartment is known as the "honeycomb" because the inside surface has a honeycomb texture?
    
    Reticulum (NUT 04)
    
    
74. What is the name of the condition in a dairy cow where the shoulder separates from the side of the cow and juts out sharply at the elbow?
    
    Wing shoulder (ANAT 04)
    
    
75. What name is given to the contents of the large intestine that eventually leave the body through the rectum?
    
    Feces (NUT 04)
    
    
76. Technology now allows veterinarians to detect whether a cow is pregnant at 25 days into gestation using what mechanical test?
    
    Ultrasound (DHM 04)
    
    
77. For long-term colostrum storage what is the best alternative?
    
    Freezing (HD 1/04 p.26)
    
    
78. The Kjeldahl test can be used to indirectly determine protein levels in feed or milk. What element does the Kjeldahl test measure?
    
    Nitrogen (HD 04)
    
    
79. Trade negotiations under GATT have an impact on U.S. milk markets. What do the letters GATT stand for?
    
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (HD 04)
    
    
80. If an animal was classified at two dash zero four (2-04), how old in months was the animal?
    
    28 months (HA 04)
    
    
81. Who was the first secretary of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America?
    
    Thomas B. Wales, Jr. (POB 04)
    
    
82. D-H-I samples are now measured on what type of protein basis rather than on a crude protein basis in accordance with federal order reform?
    
    True protein (DHM 04)
    
    
83. Grass tetany is a disease linked to the shortage of what element normally found in soil and plants?
    
    Magnesium (HD 04)
    
    
84. What is the first milk from a cow that has freshened called?
    
    Colostrum (HD 04)
    
    
85. Who was the first president of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America?
    
    Theron G. Yeomans (POB 04)
    
    
86. Which side of the cow's head should you be leading from during a show?
    
    Left side (HA 05)
    
    
87. Fresh cows need to have a good appetite and start producing more milk as soon as possible. Poor starts can result in how many pounds of peak milk lost?
    
    5 to 10 pounds (HD 04)
    
    
88. How much of the teat should be covered in teat dipping?
    
    Entire teat (HD 10/04 p.676)
    
    
89. What are animals born without horn buttons or horns called?
    
    Polled (HD 04)
    
    
90. A fresh cool constant supply of drinking water is one of the easiest ways to increase milk production by how many pounds per day?
    
    3 to 4 pounds (HD 02)
    
    
91. What does a cryoscope measure?
    
    Freezing point of milk (HD 04)
    
    
92. Numerous chemicals are used on modern dairy farms. For what purpose is a herbicide used?
    
    Weed control (HD 04)
    
    
93. What does CMT stand for in regards to milk?
    
    California Mastitis Test (HD 04)
    
    
94. Which of the following is not a recommended procedure for making silage in a trench or bunker silo: fill fast, pack hard, fill slow, or cover?
    
    Fill slow (FF 04)
    
    
95. How soon after heat ends does ovulation, or egg release occur?
    
    10 to 14 hours (AIM 1/03)
    
    
96. How much does it cost for a youth member to join the National Junior Holstein Association?
    
    $15.00 (HA 04)
    
    
97. Which stomach compartment squeezes most of the water out of the feed it receives?
    
    Omasum (NUT 04)
    
    
98. Which U.S. cow has the honor of first producing 2,000 pounds of fat during a single lactation?
    
    BREEZEWOOD PATSY BAR PONTIAC (POB 05)
    
    
99. What is a common result of a cow being infected with Neospora?
    
    Abortion (HD 04)
    
    
100. When singeing udder hair, slowly pass the flame how many inches below the udder?
     
     6 to 8 inches (HD 04)
     
     
101. Who was the first cow to be classified excellent?
     
     PAULINE BEAUTY JOHANNA DEKOL (POB 04)
     
     
102. What percent of lactating dairy cows have oxytocin in their bloodstreams during milking?
     
     100 percent (all cows) (HD 04)
     
     
103. How many characters or letters are allowed in a Holstein animal's registration name?
     
     27 letters (HA 04)
     
     
104. Who calculates the dairy sire summary for calving ease?
     
     National Association of Animal Breeders (NAAB) (SS 04)
     
     
105. Cows burp frequently to release the gas from the rumen during normal digestion. If the eructation mechanism becomes paralyzed, gas is trapped, and the cow then becomes what?
     
     Bloated (HD 04)
     
     
106. What was the name of the first case that tested the Association's right to govern its own affairs and cancel registration papers that were the result of fraudulent practices?
     
     The Cabana Case (POB 04)
     
     
107. Feeding proper rations during the summer is important for both cow comfort and maintaining milk production. Which nutrient is most important during the summer months?
     
     Water (NUT 04)
     
     
108. What term can be defined as the loss of feed from the point of harvest or delivery, to what is actually consumed by the cows?
     
     Feed shrink or shrink (DHM 04)
     
     
109. Name three color patterns which make animals ineligible for registration in the Holstein Association USA herdbook.
     
     Solid white, solid black, solid red or roan (POB 04)
     
     
110. The first Holsteins were imported to America by Dutch settlers in 1613. In what state were the Holsteins imported?
     
     New York (POB 04)
     
     
111. What element is used to keep bull semen frozen?
     
     Liquid nitrogen (HD 04)
     
     
112. Soybean meal generally is added to dairy rations to supply what major nutrient?
     
     Protein (HD 04)
     
     
113. What disease in humans is a weakening of the bones through loss of calcium and other minerals?
     
     Osteoporosis (HD 04)
     
     
114. In the late 1800's, in order to protect butter and restrict the competition from margarine, several states required that margarine be what color?
     
     Pink (HD 04)
     
     
115. Ice cream is celebrated nationally during what month?
     
     July (VT 04)
     
     
116. What is the lowest classification score a Holstein cow can receive and still have a classification rating of Good Plus?
     
     80 points (HA 04)
     
     
117. Which vitamin can be synthesized in the body tissue of a newborn calf and therefore, is not required in the diet?
     
     Vitamin C (HD 04)
     
     
118. What is the genetic material found in all living organisms called?
     
     DNA (genes, chromosomes) (HD 04)
     
     
119. How many days after a cow calves until her milk is considered acceptable for human consumption?
     
     Three days (HD 04)
     
     
120. How long is the average life span of a magnet in the reticulum of a cow?
     
     4 to 5 years (HD 1/03 p.38)
     
     
121. What publication is available from Holstein Association USA which lists the top 5,000 CTPI cows?
     
     Locator List (HA 05)
     
     
122. Churning is the process that turns cream into what?
     
     Butter (VT 04)
     
     
123. What condition occurs when only one toe appears at the bottom of the foot?
     
     Mule foot or Syndactylism (HD 8/03)
     
     
124. Gestation, or pregnancy duration, normally lasts approximately how many days?
     
     280 (AIM 1/03)
     
     
125. What is the name of the waxy substance in the teat duct which helps provide a physical barrier to bacteria?
     
     Keratin (HD 04)
     
     
126. What organ supports and protects the embryo as it develops and grows into a calf?
     
     Uterus (AIM 1/03)
     
     
127. Which state is allowed the most delegates to the National Holstein Convention?
     
     Wisconsin (HA 04)
     
     
128. With regard to global milk marketing, what do the initials IDF stand for?
     
     International Dairy Federation (HD 04)
     
     
129. What causes mold and spoilage of silage?
     
     Oxygen (HDQ 10/04)
     
     
130. What structures carry the blood from the body back to the heart?
     
     Veins (NUT 04)
     
     
131. What is the fee to blood-type an animal through Holstein Association USA?
     
     $45.00 (Fees 5/05)
     
     
132. When taking silage samples in a bunker silo be sure to take a sample from what two spots?
     
     Face and further inside the pile (DHM 04)
     
     
133. What do the letters B-A-A stand for with regard to classification?
     
     Breed Age Average (HA 04)
     
     
134. The degree of width of chest, muzzle width, and substance of bone in a cow's front-end determine the score for which linear classification trait?
     
     Strength (LC 05)
     
     
135. What dairy product is one of the world's best sources of fat in the diet as it requires no hydrogenation, addition of chemicals, or alteration?
     
     Cream (HD 04)
     
     
136. What milk beverage marketed by Dean Foods saw a 20% growth in 2003 and accounts for 3% of refrigerated milk sales?
     
     Soy milk (HD 4/05)
     
     
137. What is the most common type of ovarian cyst?
     
     Follicular (HD 04)
     
     
138. In feed analysis, what is the name for the index of forage quality which combines digestibility and intake potential?
     
     Relative Feed Value (RFV) (HD 04)
     
     
139. What is the major ligament of the udder which divides it into left and right halves?
     
     Median suspensory ligament (HD 04)
     
     
140. Has there been an incline or decline in fertility of dairy cows during the last 50 years?
     
     Decline (HD 4/04 p/254)
     
     
141. What term describes small electric currents that flow through the electrical grounded-neutral system and pass through a cow's body and adversely affect her behavior and performance?
     
     Stray voltage (VT 04)
     
     
142. What is the highest possible percentile ranking for genetic evaluations?
     
     99 percent (SS 04)
     
     
143. Is windrow width more important with first-cut or second-cut forages?
     
     First-cutting (HD 4/04 p.248)
     
     
144. What Holstein Association program works with bull owners and A.I. organizations to collect type information on bulls being proven?
     
     Sire Evaluation for Type (HA 04)
     
     
145. If a DUMPS carrier cow is mated to a non-carrier bull, what is the probability that the offspring will be a DUMPS carrier?
     
     50 percent (HD 04)
     
     
146. What is the name of the disease that can infect your cow and yourself, and it is transmitted by a small tick about half the size of a dog tick.
     
     Lyme disease (HD 04)
     
     
147. In the reproductive tract of a cow, how many uterine horns are there?
     
     Two horns (HD 04)
     
     
148. If a feed contains 70% moisture, what is its percent dry matter?
     
     30 percent (HD 04)
     
     
149. From outside the animal, what is the only part of the female reproductive tract you'll see?
     
     Vulva (AIM 1/03)
     
     
150. In which country was the first organized cow-testing association formed?
     
     Denmark (HD 03)
     
     
151. What structure connects one bone to another bone?
     
     Ligament (ANAT 04)
     
     
152. Who first wrote "The cow is the foster mother of the human race"?
     
     W. D. Hoard (HD 04)
     
     
153. How should the sole of a dairy cow's foot be trimmed?
     
     Flat (HD 10/04 p.626)